Tillandsia usneoides, also known as Spanish moss, is a native, perennial epiphytic herb belonging to the Bromeliaceae family. It is characterized by its slender, wiry, long, branching stems that can reach up to 8 meters or more, growing as suspended, bluish-gray streamers and garlands among tree branches, sometimes telephone lines, and fences. The plant is native to the southeastern USA, from North Carolina to Texas, along the coastal plain in high humidity areas.
Key features of Tillandsia usneoides include:
– **Leaves**: The leaves are awl-shaped, alternate, simple, linear, entire, cylindrical (terete), succulent, gray-green, and densely covered with absorbent gray scales.
– **Stem**: The stem is wiry, flexuous, with widely spaced internodes to 2.5 inches, and can hang down up to 20 inches long.
– **Habitat**: Spanish moss is often found near rivers, lakes, and ponds, and it grows in tropical and subtropical climates.
– **Ethnobotanic Uses**: Various Native American tribes, including the Houma and the Seminole, have used Spanish moss for various purposes, such as weaving the fibers into coarse cloth, floor mats, and horse blankets, or twisting them into cordage for ropes.
Tillandsia usneoides has been suggested as a potential bioindicator of air quality, as it absorbs water and nutrients directly from the air.